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The Microsoft AZ-104 Azure Administrator exam is a current Associate-level assessment for professionals who implement, manage, and monitor Azure environments. Microsoft updated the English blueprint on April 17, 2026. The role spans identities and governance, storage, compute, virtual networking, and monitoring, so success depends on understanding how those areas affect one another in a running environment.
AZ-104 is operational rather than purely architectural. Candidates should be comfortable with the Azure portal, PowerShell, Azure CLI, Azure Resource Manager templates or Bicep, and Microsoft Entra ID. The strongest preparation comes from creating resources, breaking them, troubleshooting them, and observing the effect of configuration changes.
The related Azure Administrator Associate credential is also an important prerequisite for the current Azure Solutions Architect Expert path, which makes AZ-104 useful both as a destination and as a foundation for deeper architecture work.
Azure administrators work with users, groups, role assignments, subscriptions, resource groups, policy, locks, tags, and cost controls. These mechanisms form the management plane around workloads. A technically sound virtual machine or database can still create risk when ownership is unclear or permissions are broader than necessary.
Practice assigning built-in roles at different scopes and observing inheritance. Compare what changes when a role is assigned at a management group, subscription, resource group, or resource. Use Azure Policy to enforce or audit a requirement, and understand why a resource lock serves a different purpose from authorization.
Conditional access and identity protection may be owned by a dedicated identity team in larger organizations, but administrators still need to understand how Entra decisions affect their workloads. The principles behind Conditional Access are especially relevant when administrative access is being protected.
AZ-104 covers storage accounts, blobs, files, access controls, redundancy, lifecycle management, and secure connectivity. Candidates should understand the difference between account keys, shared access signatures, identity-based authorization, and network restrictions. The goal is to provide only the access an application or user actually requires.
Redundancy choices should match business requirements. Local, zone, and geo-redundant options offer different resilience characteristics and costs. Lifecycle rules can move or delete data based on age and usage patterns, while replication and recovery decisions should consider what happens during a regional failure.
The Azure storage administration concepts become clearer through labs: upload blobs, configure a file share, test private access, create a SAS with a short lifetime, and verify what the identity can and cannot do.
Virtual machines remain a major part of the exam because administrators need to create, size, secure, update, scale, and recover them. Understand availability zones, availability sets, disks, extensions, boot diagnostics, managed identities, and how network security rules affect connectivity.
Containers introduce a different operational model. Candidates should know how Azure container services fit into the environment and when a lightweight container deployment may be more appropriate than managing a full VM. The exam is not a Kubernetes specialist assessment, but administrators need enough context to deploy and manage containerized resources from Azure.
Automation matters across both models. Recreating infrastructure through Bicep or another repeatable mechanism reduces configuration drift and improves recovery. Manual portal work is useful for learning, but production administration benefits from declarative patterns.
Azure virtual networks connect subnets, network interfaces, private endpoints, load balancers, gateways, DNS, peering, and security controls. Candidates should be able to reason about an IP path rather than memorize individual blades in the portal.
Build a network with multiple subnets, apply network security groups, add peering, configure name resolution, and test allowed and denied flows. The virtual network configuration model is easier to retain when each rule has an observable effect.
Troubleshooting should begin with basic questions: does the source have an address, can it resolve the destination, is a route correct, is a security rule blocking traffic, is the service exposed through the expected endpoint, and does the application itself listen where expected? Network debugging rewards disciplined isolation.
Administrators need visibility into resource health, metrics, logs, alerts, and diagnostic settings. Azure Monitor provides the common platform, while individual services expose workload-specific telemetry. A useful monitoring strategy collects evidence that supports a decision rather than generating alerts for every possible signal.
The Azure monitoring model includes metrics for fast numerical signals and logs for richer investigation. Candidates should practice building queries, configuring alerts, and connecting an alert to an action group. Monitoring only becomes useful when a team knows what it will do when the alert fires.
Application telemetry can add another layer. The ideas behind Application Insights help administrators understand dependencies, request failures, and performance problems that infrastructure-only metrics cannot explain.
Managed identities, role-based access, private endpoints, encryption, Key Vault, security recommendations, and least privilege should appear in normal operational work. Security is not a separate hardening phase performed after the environment is complete.
Use Azure Key Vault for secrets, keys, and certificates that require managed protection. Prefer identity-based access where possible so applications do not carry long-lived credentials. Rotate and remove secrets that cannot be eliminated.
Administrators should also understand their boundary with specialized security engineers. AZ-104 expects secure administration, but complex cloud and AI security now continues through the current SC-500 path rather than the retired AZ-500 route.
Microsoft expects AZ-104 candidates to understand ARM templates or Bicep. The practical benefit is repeatability. If a resource group is lost or a test environment must be recreated, a declarative definition provides a known starting point instead of relying on memory and screenshots.
Practice exporting or writing a small Bicep deployment that creates a network, storage account, and compute resource. Parameterize values that change by environment and keep fixed design decisions in the template. Deploy it, modify it, and observe how Azure handles the desired state.
Automation also improves review. A pull request makes infrastructure changes visible before deployment, supports policy checks, and creates history. These habits connect naturally to the AZ-400 DevOps role, where infrastructure automation becomes part of a larger delivery system.
The current Azure Solutions Architect Expert certification requires Azure Administrator Associate plus AZ-305. That relationship is logical: architects need to understand what their designs look like when someone must actually deploy, operate, secure, and troubleshoot them.
Candidates planning that progression should not rush through administration merely to unlock the next badge. The operational constraints learned in AZ-104—quotas, permissions, networking, storage behavior, monitoring, recovery, and automation—are the evidence base for better architecture decisions.
The AZ-305 exam shifts from implementation toward design trade-offs, but the two roles are tightly connected. Administrators see where systems fail; architects need that perspective before choosing patterns.
Create a subscription-level lab with Entra groups, resource groups, policy, storage, virtual networks, VMs or containers, monitoring, and a small amount of infrastructure as code. Use both the portal and command-line tools. Document the intended architecture, then deliberately introduce failures.
Remove a role assignment, block a network flow, fill a storage permission gap, stop a VM, change a route, or break a template parameter. Use logs, metrics, resource health, activity history, and direct connectivity tests to identify the cause. The exam rewards people who understand system behavior.
AZ-104 remains one of the central credentials in the Microsoft certification portfolio because Azure administration sits beneath architecture, DevOps, data, security, and application workloads. The best preparation is therefore broad, practical, and operationally realistic.
Administrators should also be comfortable with lifecycle operations that appear after initial deployment. That includes moving resources where supported, changing sizes, updating configuration, managing quotas, handling locks, rotating credentials, reviewing cost, and planning maintenance. Production administration is mostly change management, not greenfield creation.
Backup and recovery deserve regular practice even when they are not the largest blueprint category. Configure protection for a representative resource, perform a restore, and record how long it takes. A backup job that reports success is only evidence that data was copied; a restore test shows whether the recovery process actually works.
Cost is another operational signal. Tags, budgets, alerts, reservations, scaling, storage lifecycle, and resource cleanup all affect the health of an Azure environment. Administrators often discover abandoned resources or oversized compute before finance teams do, so cost visibility should be part of routine monitoring rather than a separate annual exercise.
Finally, practice change through multiple interfaces. Perform one task in the portal, repeat it with Azure CLI or PowerShell, and then define it in Bicep where appropriate. The point is not to memorize three syntaxes; it is to understand the underlying Azure resource model well enough that the interface becomes secondary.
Resource governance also includes understanding Azure Policy remediation, initiative assignments, and exemptions. Administrators should know how to distinguish an audit finding from a denied deployment and how to investigate why a compliant-looking resource is still flagged. Governance works best when policy is paired with clear ownership and a remediation process.
For networking, add Network Watcher tools and effective security rules to troubleshooting practice. Being able to prove which route or rule applies is faster and safer than changing multiple controls until connectivity returns. Evidence-driven troubleshooting is one of the most transferable AZ-104 skills.
A final useful lab is subscription cleanup. Inventory resources, identify unattached disks, stale public IPs, abandoned test resources, unused snapshots, and overly broad role assignments. Then remove or remediate them through a controlled change. This combines cost, governance, security, and operational hygiene in one exercise and reflects the reality that mature administration includes retiring resources as carefully as creating them.
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